Is it possible to 3D print PVC? - Let’s explore

Polyvinyl chloride, also known as PVC, is a very durable material that serves multiple functions. It finds applications in a vast number of industries such as healthcare, automotive, and construction. As it can be manufactured without using oil, it has become a more viable option compared to most other thermoplastics. Another reason for its popularity is its widespread use in many products, ranging from electric cables and industrial piping to credit cards and toys. Its resistance to chemical corrosion further enhances its appeal.

But Can You 3D Print It?

The answer to that is not straightforward. While it is undoubtedly possible, there are visible limitations to using PVC as a filament. PVC contains chlorine, which makes it problematic and potentially hazardous to work with. Working with a material containing chlorine means strict safety measures must be followed, including proper ventilation of the workplace. Inhaling chlorine is dangerous and definitely won’t give you any superpowers!

3D Printing Companies Working with PVC Right Now

1. Chemson

Chemson, established in 1986, has its headquarters in Arnoldstein, Austria. It is one of the premier manufacturers of polymer additives in the global plastic market. They create products ranging from auxiliaries to additives, used in all kinds of everyday consumer products.

What Did They Create?

In September 2016, Chemson announced that it had developed a PVC filament for the manufacturing industry. They claimed that theoretically, it could be used for standard 3D printing services in bangalore. The filament was of high enough quality to be adequate for the online 3D printing of prototypes and end components. It also showed its capabilities when printing support structures. The company described it as its “3D Vinyl” formula. This PVC filament had all the beneficial properties of polyvinyl chloride and also burned 40% less fossil fuel compared to other filaments, marking a major breakthrough in terms of combating global warming.

The Filament

This 3D Vinyl developed by Chemson was dubbed as a wonder material to suit the polymer-based 3D printing market while also being a more sturdy and sustainable option. This PVC material possessed all the necessary thermoplastic qualities required for online 3D printing services in India and could have been a great option for those seeking high-quality prints. Some of its other remarkable qualities included being impermeable to water, greater rigidity, UV, solvent, and fire retardancy. There was a great deal of hype surrounding this announcement about the filament. But, unfortunately, it has been years since the announcement and there has been no concrete news as to when this special filament would become widely available to the public. We, ourselves, are still waiting to buy some and try it out.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OYAE5zc_ek 

2. Aoniq

Aoniq, an Australian-based company, entered the 3D printing technoverse in 2017. It promised to revolutionize the industry with its novel line of 888 printers. According to their claims, these printers were capable of 3D printing PVC. These produced parts would be on par with those produced by injection molds. Aoniq also claimed that PVC could be used in the same way as conventional 3D polymers like ABS and PLA, offering the freedom to tinker around and create prototypes using a honeycomb infill.

What Did They Create?

The 888 was based on the earlier released 3DGence printer. Michael Slavica, Aoniq’s CEO at that time, stated that the 888 printers would work just like any other regular FFF 3D printers. They would be capable of printing several materials including ABS, TPU, and PLA. He also assured that Aoniq PVC prints would even be better than PLA and ABS prints in terms of intricacy and quality.

The Filament

Aoniq also developed a PVC filament to accompany the machine. After conducting tests, they found that the filament didn’t emit any corrosive hydrochloric fumes unless it was exposed to 210°C for longer than 11 minutes. So, it was evident that the corrosive effect on metal surfaces would be virtually insignificant during regular printing. Using the filament seems practical, but there were concerns about users not following the usage guidelines. Allowing the PVC filament to sit idle at high temperatures for more than 11 minutes is a serious safety hazard. Mr. Slavica also cleared any concerns by stating that this would only be an issue when using hobbyist-type 3D printers, and not the 888. Aoniq made an announcement in 2017 stating that it planned to set the price of their PVC filament at around $1,490 and the 888 printer for around $10,499. But since then, as far as we can tell, the company seems to have gone under the radar just like Chemson. We’re still eagerly waiting to get our hands on the Aoniq filament and printer.

So, What’s in the Market Right Now?

There is a certain Czech-based company called Fillamentum, established in 2011. It specializes in manufacturing top-of-the-line filaments. They are experienced players in the plastics industry and are interested in bringing new trends to the market. Fillamentum launched a novel FFF filament they dubbed as Vinyl 303, made from PVC simulating the qualities of PVC. It possessed qualities such as fire retardancy, resistance to chemical corrosion, and optimum mechanical performance. They also claim, in our opinion rightly, that Vinyl 303 is one of the first filaments to repurpose polyvinyl chloride for 3D printing Bangalore.

Safety & Printing Considerations

As mentioned previously, working with this type of filament involves following a strict set of safety measures.

• Ventilation: The room should be properly ventilated, and the printer should possess a closed chamber to eliminate any harmful gases, including HCl acid.
• Nozzle Material: Steel parts are prone to erosion, so brass nozzles are preferred.
• Filtration: The printer should also be fitted with an industrial-grade HEPA filter.
• Bed Temperature: It should have an 80°C bed temperature and print at the recommended speed of 40-60 mm/s to prevent it from overheating quickly.
• Layer Height: Layers should be high enough to prevent any nozzle clogging, which can increase harmful fumes.

According to the manufacturers, this filament can be used with electronic equipment and any other application that involves long-term exposure to water, salts, and oil. However, care should be taken to avoid any Vinyl 303 printed parts from coming into contact with consumable items, just like with all PVC. Unfortunately, this product may not be readily available for procurement easily.

Conclusion

So, while printing PVC is technically possible, it hasn’t yet been developed to the point where it is widely available. With the resources at our disposal right now, it is believed that the time, filament, and electricity required for printing with PVC may not be worth it. Additionally, if this product were to be made commercially available, ordinary hobbyist printers would likely be unable to follow the strict safety standards required for its use. This poses serious health hazards and risks of environmental contamination. At present, it is evident that there is still a long way to go in modifying 3D printing in Bangalore to effectively and safely incorporate PVC, and prepare for its widespread commercialization.

FAQs on 3D Printing with PVC

1. What is PVC and why is it used in 3D printing services?

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is a versatile thermoplastic polymer widely used in construction, healthcare, electronics, and other industries due to its durability, chemical resistance, and fire retardancy. In 3D printing, PVC offers similar benefits, making it suitable for creating robust and long-lasting parts.

2. What are the benefits of using PVC in 3D printing online?

• Durability: PVC is known for its strength and longevity.
• Chemical Resistance: It resists corrosion from chemicals, making it ideal for industrial applications.
• Fire Retardancy: PVC is inherently flame-retardant, adding a layer of safety to printed parts.
• Water Resistance: It is impermeable to water, making it suitable for applications involving moisture.

3. What are the challenges of 3D printing with PVC?

• Safety Concerns: PVC can release harmful gases like hydrochloric acid (HCl) when heated, requiring proper ventilation and filtration.
• Equipment Wear: PVC can cause erosion of steel parts, necessitating the use of brass nozzles.
• Printing Conditions: Strict control over temperature and printing speed is needed to prevent overheating and nozzle clogging.

4. What safety measures should be taken when 3D printing with PVC?

• Ventilation: Ensure the printing area is well-ventilated.
• Closed Chamber: Use a printer with a closed chamber to contain harmful gases.
• HEPA Filter: Equip the printer with an industrial-grade HEPA filter.
• Proper Nozzles: Use brass nozzles to prevent erosion.
• Temperature Control: Maintain an 80°C bed temperature and print at speeds of 40-60 mm/s.

5. Can hobbyist 3D printers use PVC filaments?

While technically possible, hobbyist 3D printers may struggle to meet the stringent safety and operational standards required for PVC. This poses significant health and environmental risks, making it less suitable for casual use.

6. What applications are suitable for 3D printed PVC parts?

PVC parts are ideal for applications requiring durability and resistance to chemicals, water, and fire. This includes electronic housings, industrial components, and parts exposed to harsh environments. However, they should not come into contact with consumable items.

7. Is PVC filament readily available for 3D printing service in India?

Currently, PVC filament is not widely available on the market. While some companies have developed PVC filaments, they have yet to be commercialized on a large scale.

8. What are the alternatives to PVC in 3D printing?

Common alternatives include PLA, ABS, and TPU, which are easier to print and pose fewer safety concerns. These materials are widely available and suitable for a range of applications, though they may not offer the same level of durability and chemical resistance as PVC.

9. What is the future of PVC in 3D printing?

The future of PVC in 3D printing services looks promising but requires further development to address safety concerns and improve accessibility. Advances in printer technology and filament formulation will be crucial for its widespread adoption.

10. Where can I learn more about 3D printing with PVC?

For more information, you can refer to industry publications, manufacturer guidelines, and online forums dedicated to 3D printing Bangalore. Keeping up with the latest research and developments will also provide valuable insights into the evolving use of PVC in 3D printing.

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